在印度的權(quán)力中心，印度制造業(yè)的時(shí)機(jī)已到。周四，印度總理納倫德拉•莫迪(Narendra Modi)推出“印度制造”計(jì)劃(Make in India Campaign)，希望將制造業(yè)占印度國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值(GDP)的比重從目前的15%提升至25%，并為每年進(jìn)入印度勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的逾1200萬年輕人創(chuàng)造就業(yè)。
在向印度受邀企業(yè)嘉賓以及印度駐外使節(jié)發(fā)表的一篇激情演講中，莫迪希望讓懷有疑慮的國際企業(yè)以及憂心忡忡的國內(nèi)企業(yè)家相信，印度能夠成為一個(gè)具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的全球制造業(yè)中心。他承諾將提供“有效”治理，促進(jìn)（而非阻礙）創(chuàng)造就業(yè)的工業(yè)投資。
“那些認(rèn)為印度是一個(gè)巨大市場(chǎng)的人們從未想過印度公民是否具有購買力，”他表示，“聯(lián)合起來讓窮人中的最窮人群獲得就業(yè)，能夠延續(xù)我們的增長曲線，這是我們的共同責(zé)任。”
“當(dāng)政府變成一個(gè)推動(dòng)者時(shí)，我們就能實(shí)現(xiàn)我們想做的事。我們并不缺乏潛力。”
印度是全球IT服務(wù)的強(qiáng)大供應(yīng)商。但由于基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施不完善、限制嚴(yán)格的勞動(dòng)法以及臭名昭著的官僚主義，盡管印度年輕人口眾多，但該國一直難以在全球制造業(yè)供應(yīng)鏈上發(fā)揮作用。
在2013年的全球出口中，印度僅占1.7%，高于1990年的0.5%，但遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后于中國的11%，在中國，制造業(yè)占GDP的34%。
自從5月末上臺(tái)以來，莫迪政府將注意力重新投向了制造業(yè)，先是解決了令人頭疼的監(jiān)管和上報(bào)要求問題，著眼于破除阻礙發(fā)展的官僚主義思維——正是這些因素導(dǎo)致印度在全球“經(jīng)商便利度”調(diào)查中的排名靠后。
然而，要吸引制造業(yè)投資僅修補(bǔ)政府程序還不夠。在周四的活動(dòng)上，實(shí)業(yè)家穆克什•安巴尼(Mukesh Ambani)敦促印度政府“向全世界的資金和專業(yè)技能開放”。塔塔集團(tuán)(Tata group)董事長塞勒斯•密斯特里(Cyrus Mistry)表示，印度必須更新實(shí)體基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、加固具有成本效率的能源和物流系統(tǒng)，并“提高民眾的就業(yè)能力”。
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 In New Delhi’s halls of power, manufacturing in India is certainly an idea whose time has come. On Thursday, Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the “Make in India Campaign”, setting his sights on raising manufacturing’s share of Indian GDP to 25 per cent, up from 15 per cent, to create jobs for the more than 12m young people entering the country’s labour market each year.
In an impassioned speech broadcast to invited business guests in India and Indian embassies abroad, Mr Modi sought to persuade sceptical international companies, and weary domestic entrepreneurs, that India can be a competitive global manufacturing hub. He pledged to provide “efficient and effective” governance that facilitated – rather than obstructed – job-generating industrial investments.
“Those who feel India is a big market never think about whether the citizens have purchasing power or not,” he said. “It is our collective responsibility to work together so that the poorest of the poor get employment and our growth trajectory will move ahead.
“When the government becomes a facilitator, we can achieve everything we want to. We have no dearth of potential.”
India is a formidable global supplier of IT-enabled services. But with its overstretched infrastructure, restrictive labour laws and notorious bureaucracy, it has struggled to find a role in the global supply chain of manufactured goods, despite its huge young population.
India’s share of world exports in 2013 was just 1.7 per cent, up from 0.5 per cent in 1990 but far behind the 11 per cent of China, wher manufacturing accounts for 34 per cent of GDP.
Since taking power in late May, Mr Modi’s administration has put a renewed focus on manufacturing, first tackling the niggling regulations and reporting requirements – and obstructive bureaucratic mindsets – that have underpinned India’s poor rankings on international “ease of doing business” surveys.
Yet luring manufacturing investments will take more than mere tinkering with government processes. At Thursday’s event, Mukesh Ambani, the industrialist, urged the government to be “open to capital and expertise from all over the world”. Cyrus Mistry, chairman of the Tata group, said India had to upgrade physical infrastructure, ensure cost-effective energy and logistics, and “improve our people’s employability”.
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